Subjective reports and process dissociation: Fluency, knowing, and feeling

We review research on the ̄uency heuristic as a basis for the subjective experience of familiarity. Then, we explore the links between the construct of ̄uency and the automatic versus consciously controlled memory processes that are estimated using the process dissociation procedure, and the phenomenological experiences studied using ``Remember'' and ``Know'' judgements. Although the ̄uency that underlies familiarity may map onto the automatic memory process that is estimated by the process dissociation procedure, both ̄uency and automatic memory processes arise in a particular context and their expression depends on the joint constraints created by the cues and the task. Ó 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PsycINFO classi®cation: 2343; 2380